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Russia’s Sep 1 framework draws a sharper line between crypto as an investable asset and crypto as money. Qualified and retail investors may trade through regulated intermediaries, but retail access requires a test and carries a ₽300,000 annual cap per intermediary. Domestic payments remain banned, while importers and exporters may use crypto for cross-border settlement. My read: regulation is converging on supervised access, yet diverging on permitted use. Compared with MiCA’s focus on provider licensing, customer protection and transparency, Russia places greater weight on who may participate and where crypto may function as payment. That regional split could shape liquidity and product design as much as the rules themselves. #RussiaCryptoLawSep1 #OKXOrbit